the integrative method

Animals	Teeth	food
Carnivore	Incisors, molars and canines	Meat
Herbivore	Incisors , molars	Plants
omnivore	Incisors, molars and canines	Meat and plants

the students look to the matrix about the different kinds of animals and find a relation between the kind of their teeth and the food they eat by the guidance of the teacher thriugh discussing the matrix and asking critical questions that lead students to make connections and links between the different kinds of animals and their characteristics.

first by making connection that all the carnivore eat meat and they need the Incisors, molars and canines to cut the meat while the herbivore animals eat only plants for that reason they only need insisors and molars for cutting the plants and finally the omnivore that eat meat and plants need all the kinds of teath since they depend on all kinds of food.  after the students make connections they will be able to generalize that plants are the main source of food. this method of teaching Biology session are the integrative method of teaching.

Instructional Activities for teaching mass and weight for grade eight

             First you have to attract the audience attention by throwing a pen which will fall to the ground. Then after they recognized that earth gravity attracts all objects towards its center we model the earth by a magnet and pins and we change the distance between the pins and the magnet.

·         Does the pen have mass? Yes

·         Why does the pen fall down? Because of the effect of gravity that attracts objects.

·         What do we call this force of attraction? Weight

·         What conclusion can you draw regarding the experiment about magnet? That the magnet resembles the center of gravity and once we moved apart the gravity will decrease.

·         What will happen to the weight in such case? It will decrease too since the gravity decreased.

·         What is your weight on the moon? Our weight at the moon is negligible since the gravity is approximately zero.

·         Who can now give the definition of weight and what factors affect it? Weight is the force of gravity on a body. It is affected by altitude and position.

·         Now we talk about the story of an apple which was seen by Ishaa Newton.  Newton watched an apple falling on the ground. He started asking himself why the apple moved down. He started doing experiments to look at the reason behind this and at the end he discovered the law of gravity.

·         Who can differentiate now between mass and weight? Mass is the amount of matter found in a body whereas weight is the force of gravity on a body the mass is constant whereas the weight changes.

·         What is the relationship between mass and weight? Weight= mass X gravity

Students in this case should calculate their weight.

How to teach division for grade three

Teacher introduced the lesson by involving the students by dividing 9 pieces of chocolate to 3 students she chose. First she began giving the students one piece for each one then she asked all the class (how much I still have) also she chose student that was not with her on the board to answer that she still had 6 pieces . Then she gave them another time one piece for the 3 students and ask (how much I still have) pick a student to answer that she still had 3 pieces. Then she asked the students another time: (can I give the 3 students same amount of chocolate pieces) she picked a   student to answer (that she can gave the students the same amount since she still has 3 pieces the same number as the students), then she do the same method by  giving each student one piece till she had no more pieces .Then she asked (how much every student have by dividing the 9 pieces) by choosing a student that raising his hand to answer that every student had 3 pieces. She tried to link new information (the division) to previous ones (the idea of distribution and the comparison between what are the numbers of the students and the number of the  chocolate pieces ). she did the same method another time by dividing 12 pieces of games to 4 students asking the same questions and finally the students pick up the conclusion that every student will have 3 pieces .now she asks do I need in every time I want to  divide the pieces of chocolate to divide one piece for the students then another turn the students answer no , then  she said lets know a scientific method to know how to divide she said that I want to divide 9 ÷3 =   .......     then I don’t  know how to divide lets see what I multiply by 3 give me 9 lets do another equation 3×  ........ =   9  she asked what is the number that I multiply by 3 give me 3 then she picked a student to answer 3times 3 give me 9 she gave him praise (good). then she asked the students to compare between the 2 equations then she asked what is the relation between multiplication and division, then the students can saw that the multiplication is the opposite of division then she wrote  9 ÷3 = 3 and make a sign that 3times 3 will give us 9 then she said that the relation between the multiplication and division is an opposite relation.So by discussion; she tried to foster the ability of students to acquire process of thinking by answering the questions and discover the relation between something they knew before to something they will master.

Real Life Examples

I watched a science class for grade three about differentiation between gases, liquids and solids. the teacher used a lot of materials (colored perfume to show that gases are spread, Cups of water and Erlenmeyer flask to show that liquids change there shapes, and a nail to show that solids have same volume and shape) to explain the lesson.  

This lesson is a basic one in the science curriculum so the students will be able to differentiate between the solid-liquid and gas characteristics, it is a building class and a building topic for the next lessons on their books. By doing the experiment that is real to their life, it is not just making abstract ideas meaningfully, but it allows them to apply their understanding in a variety of a real word settings. This way, they will carry what they learned in the class to their homes and know how to differentiate between objects according to their characteristics. So, when the students know the characteristic of each object then they master the knowledge of a particular content areas and understanding the concept.

Validity and Reliablity

           Teaching student’s knowledge is not enough for the students. The teacher should assess these skills to make sure that the students mastered the knowledge and skills.  There are various types of assessment tools but whatever the type was, its aim is to improve students understanding. The most common method for assessment is testing. These tests should be well prepared so that they assess students in a good way. Regardless of the type of the assessment used, all tests should possess two characteristics: validity and reliability. When the assessment results are adequate and appropriate that means the test is valid. A valid test means that it matches the targets and objectives which had been discussed in the class. Reliability is another characteristic of the assessment result in which it refers to the consistency of the scores.  For example, when we repeat the exam the students should take approximately the same score as the first time. 

How I want my classroom to be

I want to teach in a democratic way. I do not want the kids to sit and listen all day with their mouths shut. I want to hear their voices, and hear what they have to say. I want their opinions, and I want to know when they understand and do not understand. I plan to be a leader in my classroom and school. I want to be involved in other organizations outside of the classroom and become a visible figure to my students. I want to be someone they can respect and seek to be more like. I want them to be able to talk to me and tell me what they need. An effective leader, which I will be, can accomplish that. 

I want my classroom to be a safe and orderly environment for learning. I want my classroom to be a place where my students honestly want to be. It will be invigorating, inviting, educational and most of all fun! Every child is a unique individual who needs a secure, caring and stimulating environment in which they can grow intellectually, emotionally, physically, and socially. It is my desire as an educator to help my students reach their fullest potential in each of these areas. I plan to do this by being a role model for my students. Children learn by what they see, therefore, I plan to be the best overall person I can be inside and outside of my classroom. I want to instill good morals and values to my students. I want the children’s natural curiosity to help direct their learning. I will teach them to respect all things and all people. I will set fair and consistent rules initially and I will clearly state the importance of all activities. I will follow through with the rules that are set to show my place as the teacher. This will show the students respect for their presence and their time. Furthermore, it will teach them to respect themselves, others and their environment. I hope to have technology in my classroom to further educate my students for their future. In today’s society if you are not educated about computers or other technological advances, you will be lost. I feel to meet the needs of tomorrow we must educate and inform the children of today.

Role of the teacher..

Role of the teacher.. 

Teachers are very important in our society because we need them to provide our youth with the knowledge and social experiences they will need to improve their future and the future of the entire planet. As a teacher I hope to be able influence many lives and help students understand what education can do for them and their future.

The teacher was to lead the student systematically; this differs, for example, from Socrates' emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.

Aristotle placed great emphasis on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught. Subjects he explicitly mentions as being important included reading, writing and mathematics; music; physical education; literature and history; and a wide range of sciences. He also mentioned the importance of play.

Therefore, as we can see we need both in teaching the knowledge that is bases for the children to give their own ideas and create new information that may help the society as a hole. Second, we need to experience what we learn in order to apply the knowledge in a real life situation in order to feel the truth(fact).

“Be all that you can be

The philosophy of education seeks to study the process and discipline of education in order to understand how it works, improve its methods and perfect its applications in society. The philosophy of education ultimately seeks to improve education and its systems and methods for the betterment of humanity. Ideally, it informs and raises the quality of curriculum, teaching methods and the overall educational experience.

I believe that society would be holistic, if children at a tender age would be raised with a system of education that natures their intellectual capabilities with: facts, physical discipline, music, art and skills ,as what Plato argued in his educational philosophy .So the aim of teaching is to approach a goal that achieved by giving the students knowledge at a reasonable time. This goal is to improve and enhance social and communal life and that people should live according to their ideals.

The education can be achieved by merging all these thoughts by knowing when and how to use each method. These are some aspects:

The experimentalist educator: believes that learners need to identify and solve relevant problems in a changing society.

Realists: advocate using methods of science to obtain precise information involving the world as it truly is.

Existentialists: emphasize the importance of the individual making subjective moral commitments within an irrational world.

Idealists believe that universal standards and generalizations need discovering in moving from the finite to the Infinite Being.

Educators need to be students of philosophy. Diverse philosophical strands provide guidance in developing the curriculum. So the students need the knowledge and doing experiments to make sense for learning so they  need tangible material inorder to remembering the facts by applying them.So when the students are learned how to solve academic problems ,they can solve any social problems by thinking in a logical way and this enhance all the society problems. Teach the students by giving examples from their culture to know how, what they learn in books can be used in their real life.so teaching any subject in the curriculum can be taught through selecting the needed objects that assist the cognitive and the physical development  .

                                    Educational environment

School is a mini society, and the classroom is the basic unit of the society.  The teacher, who will bring an important impact upon each student’s physical and mental development of socialization, significantly influences the classroom climate.  The positive classroom climate makes the students learn much better and much more effectively. The positive classroom climate makes the students learn much better and much more effectively.  Thus, how to create a wonderful classroom climate and make the students learn happily and positively about a hard subject like genetic is an important task for the teachers. Not all students like this topic and being interest in it, but when they know why they are learning this subject and be realistic in giving examples, students will like to learn and master the idea. The teacher instructs and guides the students to achieve the teaching goal and effect. The guidance adopted includes knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge creation. The classroom climate indicates that each member’s collective mental features and disposition in a class, which are produced between the teacher and students, including the tension, learning satisfactory, harmony, teacher’s support, and limited expression. The students feel comfortable to share similar condition in front of the class for example (about the abnormalities that can see in our societies).now they will know why these abnormalities are happen and the students understand the core behind this subject. Usually science class is full of discussion, through experience; observation, and reflection, students will share, communicate and create new questions about the genetic transmission.     

social capital

Social capital theory originally developed by sociologist James Coleman in 1987 and 1988 helps explain how certain characteristic of families neighborhoods and communities affect student success in school.

Coleman identifies 3 kinds of capitals:

·         Financial capital: (money and equipment) money can buy to produce goods and services.

·         Human capital: (skills and knowledge) allow people to act in purposeful ways including to earn living

·         Social capital:

-describe the organizational relationships among people that facilitate the collective section.

-create a flow information containing norms that establish trust worthy and predictable contexts for organize activity.

Coleman presents the rotating-credit association common in south East Asia as an example of social capital. This association is informal groups comprised of friends, relatives and neighbors that meet regularly to contribute to and draw upon a central fund of money. The association accumulate financial capital which in turn is used by members whose human capital allow them to produce goods and services through business and finally can produce the social capital by a collective organization based on shared, trust, common expectation that no one will abscond with the money. The individual when possess these attributes they become powerful only when they connect with one another and organized to act.

            The social capital within the family is developed through informal social relationships that occur between parents and their children, if they share a set of expectations, norms then Coleman argues (inter generational closure) tends to occur. Examples if parents are friends of the parents of their children’s a network of social relations exists who promote a flour of information and communicate the youth with adults make a strong social capital.

Individual accountability:

Individual accountability will be shown among group members through:

1)      Success: The main aim behind cooperative learning is to allow students to have and experience success. Success will be achieved when all members understand the topic and complete the task given in a specified time. The fastest group which is able to meet the given criteria is the winning group.  

2)      Concern: all groups should answer the given questions that the teacher gave at the beginning of the session (what is the mode of reproduction in the mentioned topics? The number of eggs? And the stages?)

Teacher also has to move around the room so that students will more likely be concerned about participating in the lesson.

When the students expect something enjoyable when they accomplish their goal (joke and extra points on their exam)

Time also increases their concern to complete the given task.

(The teacher should not help since their concern will be reduced but rather she can give cues to encourage them in order not to be frustrated.

3)      Interest: students will find difficulty in differentiating between reproduction in mammals, birds, flowers & insect. Once they were divided in groups they will be interested by the role that was assigned to them.

4)      Meaning: Activities in this cooperative learning are appropriate to real life situation (laying eggs, pictures of mammals, flowers and birds). The teacher should tell the students that the topic of reproduction is a real concept that ensures the continuity of life. She should also tell them that human is a mammal that we should know about his reproduction. Birds flowers and insects are found in our life so it is something interesting to know about their reproduction.

5)      Knowledge of results: Teachers should give a direct, specific and immediate feedback upon task completion not before. This feedback will motivate the students. Teachers also should praise all groups not only the winning one.

6)      Positive feeling tone: At first the teacher should have positive expectation which suits the level of students. She should show the students that she believes in their abilities to finish the task as well as she should teach them the social skills (listening, talking in a low voice, and disagreeing in an agreeable way) so that the students will interact with one another in a positive way.

 Education

education that is exactly the program that is now being carried out in every tax supported school in America professor rise sees three parties with an interest in education the parents the state and the child himself but he says that parental authority must and when it’s exercise compromises the development of metal autonomy in children if parental authority over education does not conducive the self-sufficiency an independence of their children the state must step and ensure such outcomes this is the status view that in the education equation only in the state is sovereign we are all products of the education that we have received since the socialist status took over the teacher colleges in the early eighteen hundreds many generations of teachers have been trained to share the views of those who engineered the replacement of the sovereign home with a sovereign most teachers are dedicated hard-working and devoted to bettering their students in their classrooms but if the entire system is flawed from the programs that they’re trained to teach and the methods that they’re taught to use to the text books that they’re given it each from in the end result through no fault of the teachers cannot help but be flawed as well teachings a noble profession and the changes that were made to bring education under the control of the state were not made under the initiative of  teachers only since the early nineteen hundred’s has there been a voice that purported to speak for the teachers they can be said to be working against the interests of the parents and for the interests of the state of socialists that occurred with the national education  association the n_e_a _ joined with the banker industrialists and conspired to push on to children a set of values very different from the once their parents would have chosen head they’ve been given all of the facts this educationally began preaching a much different role for teacher than most of us invasion who we think of the little red school house with an apple on the teacher’s desk a popular nineteen twenty eight teacher college textbook untitled a sociological philosophy of education claimed it is the business of teachers to run not merely schools but the world those who taught the teachers were not dedicated to teaching our children academic knowledge to the thing that we usually think school is supposed to be dedicated to this deletion was originally designed by the socialists but it come to be adopted as well by the education leads as they become thoroughly socialist themselves in nineteen twenty nice Edward Thorndike  from Columbia teachers college said in face academic subjects are of little value today many people doubt that they are qualified to teach their own children because of their lack of academic training in usually the first question that has raised by the government school system about Paris teaching their own children at home does concern academic qualifications of the parents yet here one of the university recognized leaders in teacher training said that academic subject really are a little value that other thinks mattered more other things like running the world .

Education In America

Education In America

there has been for almost the past hundred years it delivered effort made to actually use education to captivate the majority of American citizens till working-class existence charlotte is rb writes the deliberate dumbing down of America the mind of  the average American become trained or conditioned to accept the idea that education exist solely for the purpose of getting a good job in the global workforce economy school according to john taylor galil was looked upon from the first decade of the twentieth century as a branch of industry and a tool of governance but then stopped then after the area of the Rockefellers and the Carnegie x hardly the u_s_  department of labor under the first bush presidency released a statement that said all schools must bend single-mindedly to the task of socializing a skilled workforce so the history of education in America tells a story pf the takeover of our schools first by socialists who saw government as the way to assure universal compliance with their plan to perfect mankind it to produce a heaven on earth  and then by big business and banking interests who saw the government-controlled school as a means to always have a willing in compliant workforce most citizens today have been brought up and a government-controlled school and now they have almost inbred in them the idea that education is properly and natural role of the government

the government certainly wants us to continue to think that way parade believes that it also has a vital role to play in education our children according to Stanford university political science professor rob rise sht the state has an independent interest in education for citizenship that may not be shared by parents what is that independent interest well the u_s_ department of education is a means to achieve important economic and social goals of the national character the economic goals are to satisfy the demands of industry by keeping a steady stream of workers graduating and flowing into the world’s widget factories the social goals which remember where the first reason given to bring the schools under the control of the state art to satisfy the social liberals on Mondays who believe in the perfect ability of man and the attainment of a heaven on earth remember according to senator Hillary Rodham Clinton it takes a village to raise a child and if some other member of the village has a efferent opinion about what we should do with our children in their education 

Emotional Disturbance

                                                          Emotional Disturbance

We’ve chosen to use the term “emotional disturbance” in this fact sheet because that is the term used in the nation’s special education law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

IDEA defines emotional disturbance as follows:

“…a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance:

(A) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

(B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

(C) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.

(D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

(E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.”

Disability

                                                                    Disability

Disability is universal. As evidenced by global statistics, disability exists in every culture, in all nations around the world. Although there have been improvements in civil rights for individuals with disabilities in several countries. To address inequities and discrimination against people with disabilities, a disability culture has emerged to advocate for equality, inclusion, and social justice and promote disability awareness and sensitivity.

Several disciplines (for example, psychology, sociology, education, medicine, and law) have recognized the importance of addressing disability issues and have collaboratively created a new discipline. As a discipline, disability studies take an interdisciplinary approach to explore disability from experiential, historical, and cultural perspectives. Disability studies have helped the disability movement take strides towards greater equality for people with disabilities. With the emergence of a disability culture, public perceptions of disability and attitudes towards people with disabilities have experienced gradual paradigm shifts.

It is important we instill in our youth an awareness of disability and continue to promote sensitivity to disability issues. Educating youth to understand people with disabilities are people like everyone else can shift negative perceptions of disability towards acceptance and respect. This curriculum is intended to provide educational tools that promote disability awareness and sensitivity. We believe if children are given the tools to understand disability, they will be able to see disability more positively. In turn, as they become more sensitive and aware of disability issues, they can then create change in the world around them. As our children are our future, it is within their power to create a society where all people are respected and valued for their unique abilities and strengths. Why is it important to understand disability and how to treat people with disabilities with respect and dignity? Because, everyone will encounter someone with a disability at least once in their life.

education

education

Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next.^[1] Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow, technical sense, education is the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another, e.g., instruction in schools.

Critical Thinking

            In the past the role of the teachers was to transmit the information to students who were passive listeners and not involved during explaining the lesson. And they depend on taking the knowledge just to memorize it without asking how and why. Moreover the teachers don’t think for ways to transmit the information to develop the critical thinking of the students. But nowadays the teachers should stimulate students thinking so that they will be motivated in constructing their knowledge. For this to be achieved, the teacher should work on all levels of thinking of either Bloom’s or Marzano taxonomies. So the teachers must think of the process of thinking to lead the children to involve in knowing how to think